Fundamentals of ion motion in electric radio-frequency multipole fields

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Abstract
The fundamentals of ion motion in electromagnetic fields are reviewed in detail with a special emphasis on electric radio-frequency (RF) fields which are used frequently in dynamic mass spectrometry. Forces and effects on ions in electromagnetic fields which are typically neglected, but which may be important in practical applications are reviewed and discussed for completeness. A method, based on complex variable theory, is developed for finding the potential function of 'ideal multipole electromagnetic fields'. Application of this method for the determination of potential functions and differential equations of ion motion is demonstrated with reference to the electric radio-frequency dipole, quadrupole, hexapole, octupole and decapole fields. This is the first time that these topics have been addressed in one unified and fundamental literature presentation. The results and implications of this preliminary communication and tutorial are of importance in ion physics and dynamic mass spectrometry.

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