Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine

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Abstract
The protein kinase activity associated with pp60src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, phosphorylated tyrosine when assayed in an immunoprecipitate. Despite the fact that a protein kinase with this activity was not described before, several observations suggest that pp60src also phosphorylates tyrosine in vivo. Chicken cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus contain as much as 8-fold more phosphotyrosine than do uninfected cells. Phosphotyrosine is present in pp60src itself, at 1 of the 2 sites of phosphorylation. Phosphotyrosine is present in the 50,000-dalton phosphoprotein that coprecipitates with pp60src extracted from transformed chicken cells. These observations showed that pp60src is a novel protein kinase and that the modification of proteins via the phosphorylation of tyrosine is essential to the malignant transformation of cells by Rous sarcoma virus. pp60sarc, the closely related cellular homologue of viral pp60src, is present in all vertebrate cells. This normal cellular protein, obtained from both chicken and human cells, also phosphorylated tyrosine when assayed in an immunoprecipitate. This is additional evidence of the functional similarity of these structurally related proteins and demonstrates that all uninfected vertebrate cells contain at least 1 protein kinase that phosphorylates tyrosine.