Abstract
Following the end of Communist rule in 1989, Poland has been facing the difficult challenge of responding to the legacy of a devastated environment amid an overwhelming economic crisis. This article describes how Poland has been responding to this challenge, with particular focus on the country's policy of sustainable development within the framework of transition to a democratic market economy. The article discusses achievements and difficulties in seeking both effective environmental protection and economic restructuring since 1989 and examines the country's future needs and problems. The conclusion discusses the implications of the Polish experience for institutional design and development theory.

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