The handling of objects other than boxes: univariate analysis of handling techniques in a large transport company

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Abstract
The purpose of this study, carried out on handlers in the distribution centre of a large transport company, was to identify the techniques used for handling objects other than boxes. Thirty-one workers, with experience varying from one month to 17 years, were each filmed during one shift. A grid with 36 variables allowed the successive operations to be described: the type of grip, the nature and the direction of the efforts by the upper limbs, the use of the back and the lower limbs, and the displacement of the object. Nine hundred and forty-four handlings carried out in 3217 distinct movements were analysed. These observations revealed the complexity of the handling techniques and the tendency to favour some of them. Seventy-nine per cent of the handlings observed included pre-transfer and/or post-placement phases in addition to the transfer itself. Essentially horizontal phases (pulling, pushing) are more frequent than essentially vertical ones (lifting, lowering); asymmetry is generalized, whether it involves the back position (torsion), the direction and the type of effort, the position of the hands on the object, etc. More than half of the efforts are used to move an object resting on a surface (sliding, pivoting, turning, rolling); resistive efforts downwards (e.g., lowering) are avoided in favour of ‘throwing’ or ‘dropping’.