The Quantification of “Response” to Experimental Stimuli

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Abstract
Six possible indexes of response to experimental stimulation typical in psychosomatic research are described and compared post-stimulus measures, unadjusted change scores, percentage change, rank order change, Lacey''s autonomic lability scores (ALS), and standardized differences between standardized scores (ZDZ). Major emphasis is directed toward contrasting ALS and ZDZ as methods for correcting data which conform to the law of initial values. ALS adjusts both for a correlation between pre- and poststimulus values and for unequal ranges in these two distributions, whereas ZDZ adjusts for the latter only. Similarities between ALS and the analysis of covariance, in contrast to similarities between ZDZ and the analysis of variance for repeated measures, are clarified. Formulas indicating the relation between several of these indexes of response are presented in the Appendix.

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