Quantitative study ofLeishmania braziliensis braziliensisreactive T cells in peripheral blood and in the lesions of patients with American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

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Abstract
A limiting dilution analysis (LDA) was utilized to estimate the frequency of L. braziliensis braziliensis reactive T cells (Lbb-T cells) in peripheral blood and in the lesions of patients with mild localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) or with severe mucosal leishmaniasis (MCL). The frequencies of Lbb-T cells in peripheral blood varied from 1:107 300 to 1:3587 and were not significantly different in MCL and LCL patients. However, a significant difference was encountered (P P < 0.01) and the presence of fibrinoid necrosis and granulomatous reaction in the site of the lesions (P<0.05). The lack of correlation between the severity of disease (MCL or LCL) and the frequency of Lbb-T cells in peripheral blood gave no indications towards understanding the physiopathology of severe or mild disease. However, the correlation between high T cell frequencies in the site of the lesions, the magnitude of DTH, the fibrinoid necrosis and the severity of the disease (MCL lesions) points to the possibility that the presence of a strong T cell dependent cellular immune response in the site of the lesions may have a deleterious effect. However, a local well modulated T cell immune response might provide healing of the lesions.

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