Characterization of Macromolecular Flocculants Produced by Phormidium sp. Strain J-1 and by Anabaenopsis circularis PCC 6720

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Abstract
Several benthic cyanobacteria were found to produce significant amounts of extracellular flocculants. The macromolecular flocculants produced by Phormidium sp. strain J-1 and Anabaenopsis circularis PCC 6720 were characterized. The Phormidium flocculant is a sulfated heteropolysaccharide to which fatty acids and protein are bound. The polysaccharide backbone is composed of uronic acids, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose. The A. circularis flocculant is also an acidic polysaccharide containing keto acid residues and neutral sugars, but to which no fatty acids, proteins, or sulfates are linked. Both flocculants could be recovered from growth medium by precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and were found to bind the cationic dye Alcian-blue in a linear proportion to their concentration in solution. The latter property was used to quantify flocculant concentrations in culture supernatants and natural water samples and to compute their anion densities.