Electrode and materials problems in ceramic capacitors

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Abstract
Ceramic capacitors with ferroelectric dielectrics are the oldest application of ferroelectrics. The materials problem to be discussed is ferroelectric in nature; it is essentially the problem of dielectric saturation, i.e., the strong decreases of the dielectric constant with DC-fields. With todays more stringent voltage stability requirements and with the high field strength experienced in the thin layers of the multilayer capacitors, this problem has become serious. Two solutions, both based on the use of antiferroelectrics, are discussed. The electrode problem to be dealt with concerns the replacement of Pt, Au, and Pd electrodes in multilayer capacitors. Three possibilities are explored: Ni-electrodes applied to an acceptor doped BaTiO3; base metal impregnation into porous pseudoelectrode layers; and Ag-Pd electrodes on low firing glass-reacted ceramics.

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