Direct 19F NMR observation of the conformational selection of optically active rotamers of the antifolate compound fluoronitropyrimethamine bound to the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase

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Abstract
The molecular basis of the binding of the lipophilic antifolate compound fluoronitropyrimethamine [2,4‐diamino‐5‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐nitrophenyl)‐6‐ethylpyrimidine] to its target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase has been investigated using a combination of 19F NMR spectroscopy and molecular mechanical calculations. 19F NMR reveals the presence of two different conformational states for the fluoronitropyrimethamine‐Lactobacillus casei enzyme complex. MM2 molecular mechanical calculations predict restricted rotation about the C5‐C1′ bond of the ligand and this gives rise to two slowly interconverting rotamers which are an enantiomeric pair. The results of 19F NMR spectroscopy reveal that both these isomers bind to the enzyme, with different affinities. There is no detectable interconversion of the bound rotamers themselves on the NMR timescale. The effect of the addition of co‐enzyme to the sample is to reverse the preference the enzyme has for each rotamer.