Underwater Sound Reflection from Layered Media

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Abstract
Underwater sound‐reflection experiments were conducted in an 8‐ft‐diam, 7.16 ft‐deep laboratory tank equipped with a transducer positioning system. A 5‐in.‐diam shaded, circular piston operating at 100 kc/sec was used to insonify layers of various fluid and solid media supported near the bottom of the tank by a 4 × 4‐ft tray. Measurements were made to determine the reflection coefficients as a function of grazing angle for several models of layered media. These experimental results are compared with calculated values using modified versions of the equations presented earlier by Brekhovskikh. In each experiment, the sound velocity and attenuation were known for each layer and these values used in the calculations. When plane, bounded waves are incident upon well‐defined layers of isovelocity, uniform density materials, the relatively simple layered mathematical models presented are sufficient to describe the experimental results.

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