Postoperative analgesia by nicomorphine intramuscularly versus high thoracic epidural administration: Effects on ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure responses to CO2

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Abstract
In this study the effects of nicomorphine, administered either intramuscularly or by high thoracic epidural route, on the ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure response to CO2 were investigated and compared. Twenty-four patients scheduled for thoracic surgery were allocated randomly to postoperative pain relief by i.m. nicomorphine or by high thoracic epidural nicomorphine. The ventilatory response to 5% carbon dioxide was measured in all patients: first 1 day before operation, secondly on the first day after surgery immediately before nicomorphine administration and finally after the administration, at the moment when no further rise in end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) was measured. Respiratory response was assessed in two ways, by measuring minute ventilation (.ovrhdot.VE) and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1). There was a significant depression in ventilatory response to CO2 in the intramuscular group (P =0.03) due to nicomorphine as assessed by the slope of .ovrhdot.VE vs PETCO2. No significant depression was found in the epidural group, irrespective of measurement of .ovrhdot.VE or P0.1. No significant depression was found in the epidural group, irrespective of measurement of .ovrhdot.VE or P0.1. No significant shift of apnoeic threshold-PETCO2 was observed in either group.