Abstract
Acknowledgments Collaborating authors on this paper, which was conceived at the 2nd McMaster-Lancet Peace Through Health conference in May 2005, are: Janet Robinson, USA; Amir Attaran, Canada; Mike Clarke, UK; Sonal Singh, USA; Ross E Upshur, Canada; Kenneth J Herrmann Jr, Vietnam; Salim Yusuf, Canada. We thank Kumanan Wilson, Lexi Bambas, Charles Tauber, Anthony Zwi for suggestions or critical revision. EM is supported by the Ontario HIV Treatment Network.