Morphology of Abdominal Segments Eight and Nine of the Female Tobacco Hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

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Abstract
This study details the morphology of abdominal segments 8 and 9 of the female tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.). Externally, striking features are the extensive intersegmental membrane between segments 8 and 9 permitting extension of the 9th segment and the highly developed field of sensory receptors on the papillae anales. Internally, the large sensory nerve extending from the papillae anales to the terminal ganglion, the pheromone gland, the apodemes for extension of the ovipositor, and the highly developed musculature and innervation of the vagina are notable. The highly innervated anal papillae show the importance of sensory reception in oviposition, and the apodemes, musculature, and nerves of the vagina are evidence of a precise motor control over oviposition. Collectively, the high degree of development of these structures reflects their significance for this insect.