THE EXTRACTION OF ORGANIC MATTER FROM SELECTED SOILS AND PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONS WITH 0.5 M NaOH AND 0.1 M Na4P2O7 SOLUTIONS

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Abstract
Organic matter (OM) in the Bainsville and Melfort soils, and in coarse clay and medium silt fractions separated from these soils, was extracted under N2 with 0.5 M NaOH and unadjusted 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solutions. pH ranges of the soils and fractions in contact for 24 h with 0.5 M NaOH and 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solutions extended from 12.2 to 12.6 and 9.0 to 9.4, respectively. Slightly greater proportions of the soil-carbon were extracted by 0.5 M NaOH than by 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solution. The differences, however, did not appear to be significant and may vary from soil to soil. The efficiency of extraction and the characteristics of the extracted materials were assessed on humic acids (HAs), which were isolated from the extracts. From the Bainsville soil and fractions, 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solution extracted more high-molecular weight and more deeply colored HAs than did 0.5 M NaOH solution. But HAs extracted from the Melfort soil and fractions had similar molecular weights and colours. 13C NMR spectra showed that HAs extracted by 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solution tended to be more aromatic than HAs extracted by 0.5 M NaOH solution. Well defined solid-state 13C NMR spectra of HAs, containing up to 69.0% ash, could be recorded. Unadjusted 0.1 M Na4P2O7 solution under N2 was found to be an attractive alternative to 0.5 M NaOH solution as an extractant for soil OM. Key words: Humic acids, E4:E6 ratios, IR spectra, 13C NMR spectra, aromaticity