Safety of coronary ultrasound angioplasty: Effects of sonication on intact canine coronary arteries

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Abstract
The purpose of this work was to examine in vivo the safety of sonication in the coronary arteries in a live animal model. In intact dogs (n = 8), balloon dilatation was performed on the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) followed by sonication to the left circumflex artery (LCX) in power levels found to be optimal for thrombus ablation. Postdilatation and post-ultrasound coronary angiography, echocardiography, histopathology, CK-MB, indices of hemolysis, and coagulation were compared. Sonication did not induce changes in the ECG or blood pressure. Coronary angiography revealed no adverse side effects or change in arterial diameter (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3 mm). Echocardiography showed transient opacification of the myocardium. Histopathology revealed a comparable minimal degree of endothelial denudation. After sonication there were no changes in the level of CK-MB (312 ± 168 vs. 283 ± 207 IU), hemoglobin (11.3 ± 0.9 vs. 12.7 ± 1.1 gr%), haptoglobin (479 ± 136 vs. 451 ± 121 mg/dL), fibrinogen (142 ± 18 vs. 165 ± 28 mg%), partial thromboplastin time (17.3 ± 3.2 vs. 17.6 ± 3.4 sec), prothrombin time (13.3 ± 7.8 vs. 11.5 ± 2.9 sec), and degree of platelet aggregation (55 ± 17 vs. 62 ± 8%). Thus, the data suggest that transluminal coronary sonication exerts no overt adverse effects in vivo.