Abstract
The structure of academic departments of medicine reflects the changes in science and clinical practice that evolved with the development of new knowledge and forms of technology. Before World War II, departments were small and the clinical interests of the faculty tended to be broad. After World War II, the faculty generalist was supplanted by large numbers of subspecialists in internal medicine. In large part this change was fueled by the enormous expansion in biomedical-research funding from the National Institutes of Health. Departments of medicine became the recipients of the largest of these awards, and because specialists in organ-based fields . . .