Onset of convection due to horizontal laser beams

Abstract
When a horizontal cw laser beam is suddenly turned on in a quiescent isothermal fluid there is a delay time t∗ during which thermal blooming is governed by absorption of radiation and thermal conduction. For t≳t∗, free convection becomes a significant factor. t∗ is determined by an approximate quasisteady hydrodynamic stability analysis and is compared with existing experimental data

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