On a recent trip to Peru to study verruga peruana, I saw some cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis and discussed this subject with numerous Peruvian colleagues. Following my visit to São Paulo, Brazil, in 1929, I realized that there was a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis which occurs mainly in the forest regions of the Americas, extending from Mexico to the northern part of Argentina.1This disease has been observed in every country of South America except Chile, though by far the greatest number of cases are found in the tropical forests of Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. The type of leishmaniasis in question differs clinically from oriental sore in that it affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat in perhaps 20 per cent of the cases and as a result may cause permanent and often severe deformity. The investigations of Noguchi, in 1925, by agglutination tests apparently showed that