• 30 December 1998
Abstract
There are several classes of homogeneous Fermi-systems which are characterized by the topology of their fermionic spectrum: (1) Gapless systems with a Fermi-surface; (2) Systems with a gap in the spectrum; (3) Gapless systems with topologically stable point nodes (Fermi points); and (4) Gapless systems with topologically unstable lines of nodes (Fermi lines). Superfluid 3He-A and electroweak vacuum belong to the universality class (3). The fermionic quasiparticles (particles) in this class are chiral: they are left-handed or right-handed. The collective bosonic modes of system of class (3) are the effective gauge and gravitational fields. The great advantage of the superfluid 3He-A is that we can make experiments there and simulate many phenomena in high energy physics including axial anomaly, baryoproduction and magnetogenesis. The 3He-A textures induce a nontrivial effective metrics of the space, in which the free quasiparticles move along geodesics. One can simulate with 3He-A event horizons, Hawking radiation, etc. High-temperature superconductors belong to class (4). They have gapless fermionic quasiparticles with a "relativistic" spectrum close to gap nodes, which allows the application of ideas developed for superfluid 3He-A.

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