Temperature-Induced Variations in the Surface Topology of Cultured Lymphocytes Are Revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy

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Abstract
Temperature-induced variations in the surface morphology of cultured lymphocytes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. At 25-37° the cells' surfaces are largely obscured by numerous undulating microvilli of various lengths but uniform diameter. Temperature changes alter the number of microvilli, their lengths, diameters, distribution, branching, and fusing. Typically, chilling to 0-4° markedly reduces the number of microvilli and increases the diameter of the survivors in a reversible process. In contrast, heating the cells to about 45° rapidly and irreversibly transforms the ordinarily smooth membrane surface into one with a “cobblestone” morphology. At the same time most microvilli disappear and the few that remain clump into a cap. The data suggest that the low-temperature effects reflect a change in the physical state of membrane lipids, while the high-temperature alterations represent thermotropic protein transitions.