This presidential address reviews the status of evolution and recent work in that field. Fitness of organisms has seemed to many the chief thing requiring explanation, an attitude which has favored both the Lamarckian and Darwinian theories. The real bearing of Mendelian heredity on evolution has seldom been adequately discussed until recent years. The mathematical approach by Wright, Haldane and Fisher is hopefully commended. Cytogenetic processes are regarded as most fruitful in inducing intersterility, as are also dominant complementary sterility genes. Geographic isolation can now be largely replaced by these processes or genes. Selection experiments at the beginning of this century were incorrectly interpreted as opposing the natural selection doctrine, and were part of a reaction against Darwinism from which biology has now largely emerged. Much of the work in support of natural selection of earlier decades is regarded as a waste of energy. Mimicry, warning colors and bogey colors, still regarded in certain quarters as results of selection through vision, are viewed critically. Mutations do not take all conceivable directions, as Fisher assumes. Nonadaptive characters are common, and require better explanations than any yet offered.