Social Organization, Economy, and Directed Cultural Change in Two Philippine Barrios

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Abstract
In the Philippines, as in many parts of the world today, spectacular increases in human population are outstripping economic growth at an alarming rate. This phenomenon seems particularly marked in the agricultural and rural sectors, especially when agricultural productivity is contrasted with industrial growth in the region. In 1521, the year of Magellan's arrival, the Philippine population is estimated to have been about 500,000. By 1903, less than four hundred years later, the population was about 8,000,000, or a sixteenfold increase. The next thirty-six years doubled the population to 16,000,000 by 1939. By 1968, the population had soared to about 35,000,000, and at present net birth rates will double again in about twenty years. An important consequence of such rapid population growth without compensating economic gains is increasing unemployment and underemployment; another is the growing possibility of drastic shortages of food.

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