Risk factors associated with surgical site infection and the development of short‐term complications in macaques undergoing indwelling vascular access port placement

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Abstract
Background Risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) and the development of short‐term complications in macaques undergoing vascular access port (VAP) placement are evaluated in this study.Methods Records from 80 macaques with VAPs were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with short‐term post‐operative complications.Results The primary outcome was SSI, which occurred in 21.6% (52.6% in the first 12 months vs. 13% thereafter) of procedures. SSI was associated with major secondary complications including VAP removal (11.4%), wound dehiscence (5.7%), and mechanical catheter occlusion (5.7%). In multivariate modeling, only surgical program progress was a statistically significant predictor of SSI, while animal compliance had a slightly protective effect.Conclusions Vascular access ports have a moderate risk of complications, provided the surgical program optimizes best practices. Under complex experimental conditions, VAPs represent an important refinement, both improving animals’ overall well‐being and environment and reducing stress.