SPORE FORMATION IN THE LIFE CYCLES OF THE DIATOMS CHAETOCEROS DIADEMA AND LEPTOCYLINDRUS DANICUS1

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Abstract
A nitrogen limitation technique elicited the entire life cycle of the marine centric diatoms Chaetoceros diadema (Ehr.) Gran and Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve. In C. diadema the sexual cycle followed the same pattern as in the previously investigated C. didymus. Sexuality took place in narrow diameter cells, only at 2 and 5° C, and was seldom seen. Resting spore formation took place in cells of all sizes and at all temperatures at which the species grew vegetatively (2–15° C). The L. danicus life cycle is probably unique among diatoms. Nitrogen depletion induced sexuality in the entire culture at 10 and 15° C if the cell diameter was narrow (3–8 μm). Auxospore formation was followed by resting spore formation directly within the auxospore. In C. diadema, as in most centric diatoms, resting spores are not an obligate part of the life cycle, but they are in L. danicus. Resting spore formation is a versatile adaptive response in C. diadema, depending only on nitrogen depletion, although promoted by low temperatures. In L. danicus the linkage to the sexual process sharply limits conditions under which resting spores can form.