Measurement of absolute flow rate in vessels using a stereoscopic DSA system

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Abstract
The authors used a stereoscopic digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system to measure absolute blood flow rates in vessels. The magnification factor and the three-dimensional orientation of a selected vessel are obtained from automated analysis of stereoscopic DSA images. The cross-sectional area of the vessel is determined from the vessel diameter, which is measured with an iterative deconvolution technique. The time required for fluid to flow through a selected segment of a vessel is determined from the automated analysis of contrast medium 'time-density' curves. The effectiveness of these combined techniques was demonstrated in measurement of rates of both continuous and pulsatile flow in a vessel phantom, with the actual flow rate calibrated volumetrically or by an electromagnetic flowmeter. The authors have obtained accuracies in measured flow rates of approximately 5% and 18% for continuous and pulsatile flow respectively.