DEVELOPMENT OF THE PARTS OF SEA URCHIN EGGS SEPARATED BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

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Abstract
The unfertilized eggs of Sphaerechinus granularis, Parechinus micro tuberculatus, Paracentrotus lividus, Arbacia pustu-losa and Tripneustes esculenta were stratified and broken into halves and some of these halves into quarters by a strong centrifugal force. The stratification is differently arranged in the different species, but always includes oil, yolk, and mitochondria. The relative size of the halves is fairly constant for a definite centrifugal speed, but the size varies with the speed. When fertilized, all of the halves and quarters, both nucleate and non-nucleate (androgenetic), form fertilization membranes and develop, some into normal dwarf plutei. Half and quarter eggs, both nucleate and non-nucleate, can be cross-fertilized in approximately the same percentage as the whole eggs. Some of the cross-fertilized non-nucleate halves were raised to plutei.

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