Water distribution network cost estimates for small urban areas

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Abstract
In this study the impact of changes in design standards on the cost of water supply projects have been investigated in a selected urban area. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the magnitude of cost reduction due to various modifications in design standards. The aim was to look at major design assumptions that are likely to influence project costs significantly by application of a computer program developed for this purpose. The minimum pipe size, fire demand, minimum residual pressure optimal system head service level, per capita water demand and pipe materials were among the items investigated as related to cost changes. The greatest cost savings could be achieved by reducing minimum pipe sizes under 80 mm and limiting the fire demand provisions.

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