Measurement of antirotavirus IgM/IgA/IgG responses in the serum samples of Indian children following rotavirus diarrhoea and their mothers

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Abstract
Rotavirus specific, serum IgM/IgA/IgG levels among hospitalized children and their respective mothers were determined. Children were grouped as having rotavirus diarrhoea (RVD) and non‐rotavirus diarrhoea (NRVD) on the basis of fecal excretion measured by ELISA and RT‐PCR. Although IgM seropositivity was observed among children of both the groups, it was significantly higher in the acute as well as convalescent phase serum samples (P < 0.05 for both) of RVD group. Five out of ten acute sera from the NRVD group were positive for IgM and seven showed IgA/IgG seroconversion indicating rotavirus infection among these children in the past. It was noted that, three out of 24 mothers' sera from RVD group, showed presence of IgM in the serum collected during convalescence of their children. The observation suggests, subclinical rotavirus infection among mothers probably contacted from their children. This is supported by the seroconversion for IgA/IgG among these three mothers. Such a phenomenon was not noticed among the mothers from NRVD group. In general, IgA positivity did not vary significantly among the children from both the groups. IgA seropositivity was significantly higher (P < 0.001) from children of RVD group as compared to healthy group of children following rotavirus infection. From RVD group, all the child patients and 12 mothers out of 24 (50%) showed IgA/IgG seroconversion. None of the mothers from NRVD group showed seroconversion. Serum samples of healthy children and adults, showed IgM positivity at equal level (10%), but a significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed in IgA positivity. In conclusion, subclinical transmission of rotavirus infection from children to their mothers may occur. Seroconversion alone cannot be considered as a marker of rotavirus diarrhoea in children. Moreover, about 40–50% of subjects lacked rotavirus specific IgA at protective levels, making them susceptible to rotavirus infection. J. Med. Virol. 72:416–423, 2004.