The asymptotic behaviour of birth and death and some related processes

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Abstract
The paper examines those continuous time Markov processes Z(·) on the positive integers which have the ‘skip free upwards’ property, with regard to their asymptotic behaviour in the event of Z(t) tending to infinity. The behaviour is characterised in terms of the convergence or divergence of an appropriate function of Z(t), and the description is improved by central limit and iterated logarithm theorems. The conditions of the theorems are expressed entirely in terms of the matrix Q of instantaneous transition rates for Z(·). The method is applied, by way of example, to the super-critical linear birth and death process.

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