Lymphoedema 2: classification, signs, symptoms and diagnosis

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Abstract
The second article in this series describes the different types of Iymphoedema and the signs and symptoms associated with the condition. In the preceding article (Vol 11(5): 304–9) we examined the anatomy, physiology and functions of the Iymphatic system in relation to the condition of lymphoedema, and demonstrated how, by acting as a one-way drainage system, the Iymphatics maintain tissue homeostasis through the removal of excess fluid from the interstitial spaces. Failure or dysfunction of the system can result in Iymphoedema, a condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the soft tissues. Lymphoedema is classified into two main groups — primary and secondary. Defining the causative factors and pathogenesis of both conditions and other forms of chronic oedema will assist the reader in the clarification of the condition. The article concludes with an overview of assessment criteria for diagnosis, which should assist all healthcare professionals in appropriate referral. The third article in this series will look at the treatment of lymphoedema.

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