Balanced dual photodiodes integrated with a 3 dB directional coupler for coherent lightwave receivers

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Abstract
A photonic integrated circuit consisting of a 3 dB directional coupler and two GaInAs pin photodiodes connected in series at the output of the coupler has been fabricated. The photodiodes have typical dark currents of approximately 3 nA at a reverse bias of 8 V, with more than 1 MΩ isolation. Symmetrical operating characteristics with respect to the launching direction have been achieved.