Endogenous Estradiol and Progesterone Concentrations in Smokers on Oral Contraceptives
- 1 January 1992
- journal article
- research article
- Published by S. Karger AG in Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
- Vol. 33 (4) , 224-227
- https://doi.org/10.1159/000294888
Abstract
The simultaneous effects of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptives on serum estradiol and progesterone levels were investigated in 114 premenopausal women. Serum 17Β-estradiol and progesterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In smokers, estradiol and progesterone levels were significantly lower (p < 0.025). In smokers using oral contraceptives, estradiol and progesterone levels were the lowest (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The findings suggest that smoking and oral contraceptives independently lower serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations in premenopausal women and that the effects may be additive.Keywords
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