Fortnightly Review: Diagnosis and management of migraine

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Abstract
Before a primary headache such as migraine is diagnosed, secondary headaches should be considered and eliminated on clinical grounds or by appropriate investigations Migraine is primarily diagnosed by eliciting a history of episodic headache with characteristic associated features. The use of diagnostic headache diaries and simple calendars is strongly encouraged Optimum treatment of migraine requires explaining the problem to the patient and identifying and avoiding precipitating factors Treatment may be non-pharmacological or pharmacological. Drugs may be for treating acute attacks, which is required by nearly all patients, or prophylaxis, which is used by patients with frequent severe attacks Treatment for an acute attack should result in mild or no headache by two hours after drug ingestion, while prophylactic treatment should result in a 50% reduction in the frequency of attacks Characterisation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor of the 5-HT1 class has provided better treatments for acute attack and impetus for studying mechanism of migraine