Condensation in CO2 free jet expansions. I. Dimer formation

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Abstract
A theoretical and experimental investigation of the kinetics of CO2 dimer formation in the adiabatically expanding core of a free jet expansion has been carried out. The theoretical analysis is based on dimer formation by an efficient termolecular process and dimer destruction by bimolecular collisions. Account is taken of the expected variation of the specific heat ratio γ during the expansion and of the effective increase in the termolecular collision rate at low temperatures due to the presence of loosely bound orbiting pairs. Experimental dimer concentrations were measured mass spectrometrically by forming a molecular beam from the expanded gas mixture after the onset of molecular flow. Observed dimer concentrations, for a range of pre‐expansion conditions of 400–900 torr pressure and room temperature, are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis, provided account is taken of the effect of loosely bound orbiting pairs at low temperatures.