Comparative Ultrastructure and Systematics of the Colpodida (Ciliophora): Structural Differentiation in the Cortex of Colpoda simulans

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Abstract
Ultrastructural characteristics of the pellicle and somatic and oral kinetids of C. simulans Kahl, 1931 are very similar to those found previously in other colpodid species. Two structural differentiations in the cortex of C. simulans distinguish this species: a vestibular kinety bounded on its cytoplasmic side by a set of supraepiplasmic microtubules; a region just posterior to the oral cavity called the somatic groove in which quite simple modifications have occurred in kinetid structure and interrelationships. Structural differentiations in the cortex of ciliates are significant in the reconstruction of the evolutionary process in these protozoa.