Specific uptake of alpha‐fetoprotein by malignant human lymphoid cells

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Abstract
We have studied the ability of human B-and T-lymphoblastcid cell lines, as well as of peripheral lymphoid cells from leukemia patients, to take up alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and other serum proteins. Two technical approaches have been employed, both using fluorescent protein derivatives (FITC-proteins): microscopic examination of labelled cells using epifluorescent illumination and quantitation of endocytosed proteins by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Compared to human resting T-lymphocytes, all T-and B-cell lines tested exhibited positive staining for fluoresceinated AFP and transferrin (Tf) and a significant increase, up to 100-fold, of the number of AFP and Tf molecules endocytosed per cell. Labeling was prevented or strongly diminished by a 100-fold excess of unlabelled protein. Preliminary results with peripheral lymphoid cells harvested from leukemia patients showed the presence of AFP-and Tf-positive cells in the blood of all patients examined. Intensity of labelling was related to the type of leukemia cells and/or the degree of cell maturation. Host cell lines exhibited positive staining for alpha2-macroglobulin (α2M) and also, to a lesser extent, for serum Vitamin D3 binding protein (DBP). In contrast, no labelling was observed with FITC-serum albumin (FITC-Alb) or FITC-ovalbumin (FITC-OVA). Comparative uptake of several FITC-protcins by a single cell population revealed significant quantitative and qualitative differences.

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