Plasma‐sprayed coatings of tetracalciumphosphate, hydroxyl‐apatite, and α‐TCP on titanium alloy: An interface study

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Abstract
In order to study the interaction of calcium phosphate coatings with bone tissue, coated titanium cylinders with a standard size were implanted in dog femora. Coatings were made by plasma spraying powders of hydroxylapatite, β-whitlockite, and tetracalciumphosphate particles. The plasma spraying process tuns β-whitlockite into α-TCP. Bone bonding and bone formation were evaluated by mechanical push-out tests and histological observations. Hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate coatings show an interface strength after 3 months of implantation of 34.3 ± 6.5 MPa and 26.8 ± 3.9 MPa, respectively, while α-TCP and blanco titanium lead to an interface strength of 10.0 ± 3.5 MPa and 9.7 ± 1.3 MPa, respectively. Histological examinations revealed that hydroxylapatite and tetracalciumphosphate give rise to an excellent bone formation, while α-TCP and blanco titanium evoked remodeling and less bone contact.

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