Effect of Treatment with Interferon- Alone in Visceral Leishmaniasis

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Abstract
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enhances the therapeutic response to pentavalent antimony in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. To determine the effect of cytokine immunotherapy alone, 9 patients with kala-azar were treated with IFN-γ before receiving antimony. After 20 days of IFN-γ therapy, 4 patients showed no parasitologic response; in the remaining 5 patients, however, splenic aspirate parasite scores declined from 4.2 ±: 0.2 to 1.2 ±: 0.5 (mean ±: SE). These results indicate that treatment with IFN-γ alone can induce visceral antileishmanial activity. However, the limited efficacy in this uncontrolled pilot trial suggests that the therapeutic role of IFN-γ in kala-azar is that of an adjunct to conventional antimony treatment.

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