Cultivation of Thalictrum rugosum cell suspension in an improved airlift bioreactor: Stimulatory effect of carbon dioxide and ethylene on alkaloid production

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Abstract
Airlift bioreactor operations have been studied for the growth‐associated production of secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension cultures. The model system used in this work was Thalictrum rugosum producing berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid. The airlift system was well suited for growth of Thalictrum cell suspension cultures unless the cell density was high. At high cell density, the airlift system with a draught tube was not adequate due to large aggregates clogging the recirculation paths. This was overcome by use of a cell scraper in the reactor. For berberine production, gas‐stripping also played a significant role and it was discovered that CO2 and ethylene were important for product formation. By supplying a mixture of CO2 and ethylene into the airlift system, the specific berberine content was increased twofold. It is evident that continuous gas sparging was harmful for the production of berberine without supplementation with other gases.