Metabolic, Endocrine and Haematological Changes in 1‐Week‐Old Calves after Milk Intake, in Response to Fasting and during Total Parenteral Nutrition*

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Abstract
Responses to twice daily milk feeding, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and fasting (saline infusion) were studied for 24 h in 1-week-old calves. Following milk intake glucose (G) and insulin (I) concentrations increased, whereas free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride (TG) levels and glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities decreased, while heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, white blood cell number (WBC), serum iron (SFe), total protein (TP), albumin, amino acids, urea, cholesterol, sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P(in)), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), cortisol and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity did not change significantly. During saline infusion, Ca, G, TG, PL, I, IGF-I and T3 concentrations and AP and GGT activities decreased, while Na, FFA and urea concentrations increased. In response to TPN, G, urea, Na, tryptophane and I concentrations increased, while SFe, Ca, P(in), TG, FFA, serine, phospholipids (PL), cholesterol and T3 concentrations and AP, GOT and GGT activities decreased. Typical metabolic and endocrine changes were thus seen in response to milk intake and fasting. Changes during TPN remained within physiological limits.

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