α‐Tocopheryl succinate‐induced apoptosis in Jurkat T cells involves caspase‐3 activation, and both lysosomal and mitochondrial destabilisation

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Abstract
Alpha-Tocopheryl succinate (alpha-TOS), but not a-tocopherol, triggered apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. Apoptosis was induced by alpha-TOS in a time- and concentration-dependent mode, and signs of apoptosis were visible at concentrations of alpha-TOS as low as 30 microM, and within 3-5 h after addition of the ester. Employing a specific fluorogenic substrate, caspase-3 was found to be activated rapidly in response to alpha-TOS at 50 microM. We also found that Jurkat T cells challenged with alpha-TOS, when exposed to the lysosomotropic weak base acridine orange, showed decreased lysosomal uptake of the dye. This is suggestive of the involvement of lysosomal destabilisation in apoptosis of the cells. Apoptosis of Jurkat T cells induced with alpha-TOS also involved a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential, although this phenomenon occurred after the initiation of lysosomal rupture. All apoptotic features observed with alpha-TOS were very similar to those found when cross-linking of the Fas receptor triggered apoptosis. These findings are consistent with the recent idea that vitamin E can contribute to elimination of malignant cells by the induction of apoptosis, and can be of (patho)physiological significance.

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