The genetics of migraine

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Abstract
Clinical, pathophysiological and genetic studies indicate that migraine without aura (MO) and migraine with aura (MA) are distinct entities. Compared with the general population, first degree relatives of probands with MO have a two‐fold increased risk of MO. The mode of inheritance is most likely multifactorial inheritance without generational difference, but genetic heterogeneity can not be excluded. Compared with the general population, first degree relatives of probands with MA have a four‐fold increased risk of MA. The mode of inheritance is most likely multifactorial inheritance without generational differences. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of MA. A gene for FHM maps to chromosome 19. Some families with FHM do not link to this locus, indicating genetic heterogeneity of FHM. The gene for FHM is soon to be cloned. Loci for the more common types of migraine MO; and MA will problably be identified in the near future.