Nei's Modified Genetic Identity and Distance Measures and Their Sampling Variances

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Abstract
The conditions under which Nei''s (1972) genetic identity (I) yields results which are discordant with changes recorded in the gene identities at single loci are defined. We noticed that upon reassessment of allele frequencies, the value of I can in some cases change in the opposite direction of changes recorded in single locus gene identities. This anomaly may affect phylogenetic reconstructions especially when closely related populations and/or rare alleles are involved. We illustrate this problem using two examples, one based on real electrophoretic data from two Macaca species, the other based on hypothetical allele frequencies. We propose to use instead of Nie''s I, an alternative measure, which we call Nei''s modified genetic identity (I). This measure is based on the arithmetic mean of single locus gene identities. Nei''s modified distance (D) is derived analogically to Nei''s D. We present the sampling variances of these modified estimates.

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