Detection of deforestation and land conversion in Rondônia, Brazil using change detection techniques

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Abstract
Fires associated with tropical deforestation, land conversion and land use greatly contribute to emissions as well as the depletion of carbon and nutrient pools. The objective of this research was to compare change detection techniques for identifying deforestation and cattle pasture formation during a period of early colonization and agricultural expansion in the vicinity of Jamari, Rondônia. Multi-date Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data between 1984 and 1992 were examined in a 94 370 ha area of active deforestation to map land cover change. The tasselled cap (TC) transformation was used to enhance the contrast between forest, cleared areas and regrowth. TC images were stacked into a composite multi-date TC and used in a principal components (PC) transformation to identify change components. In addition, consecutive TC image pairs were differenced and stacked into a composite multi-date differenced image. A maximum likelihood classification of each image composite was compared for identification of land cover change. The multi-date TC composite classification had the best accuracy of 0.78 (kappa). By 1984, only 5% of the study area had been cleared, but by 1992, 11% of the area had been deforested, primarily for pasture, and 7% lost due to hydroelectric dam flooding. Finally, discrimination of pasture versus cultivation was improved due to the ability to detect land under sustained clearing opposed to land exhibiting regrowth with infrequent clearing.