Developmental Change in C6-Aldehyde Formation by Soybean Leaves

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Abstract
Damage to plant leaves by wounding or freezing induces the production of large amounts of C6-compounds. However, the control of formation of these compounds in leaves is not yet clear. In the current study, C6-aldehyde formation by freeze-injured soybean leaves of different ages (based on the leaf positions on the plant) at stage R1 of plant development was investigated. The results demonstrate that C6-aldehyde formation by the soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves changes as leaves develop. Younger leaves produce high levels of C6-aldehydes, mainly composed of hexanal. Subsequently, as the leaves develop, the level of C6-aldehyde formation decreases markedly, followed by an increase with a large shift from hexanal to hexenals. Lipoxygenase and lipolytic acyl hydrolase activity was reduced, and, in contrast, hydroperoxide lyase activity increased. There was little difference in lipoxygenase substrate specificity for linoleic acid and linolenic acid, but hydroperoxide lyase preferentially utilized 13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid. In the in vivo lipoxygenase substrate pool, the linoleic acid level declined and the relative level of linolenic acid increased. The change in ratios of linolenic acid to linoleic acid showed a similar trend during soybean leaf development to that of hexenals to hexanal.