Sixty years ago Went studied the fungus Monilia sitophila in west Java, where it occurs, in the conidial stage, as a constituent of ontjom, a condiment prepared from peanut press cake. Examination of cultures derived from ontjom obtained in Indonesia have now shown the existence of a perithecial stage with asci and ascospores of the type characteristic of Neurospora. Conidia of the Indonesian isolate measure 11.3 [plus or minus] 1.6x9.9 [plus or minus] 1.1 [mu]. The ascospores measure 23.4 [plus or minus] 1.5 x 15.4 [plus or minus] 1.2 [mu]. These measurements, together with morphology of the perithecia and the findings from crosses with known strains, indicate that the Indonesian isolate is Neurospora sitophila. A number of physiological observations were made on cultures of the Indonesian strains. The conidia are killed by 10 minutes exposure to 80[degree]C, but not by a similar exposure to 70[degree]C. Heat activation of ascospore germination occurs at temperatures of 50-56[degree]C, maintained for 30 minutes or longer. At 54[degree] or 56[degree] C, but not at 50[degree] or 52[degree] C, percentage germination is greatly decreased by exposure longer than 70-80 minutes. The Indonesian isolate extends radially very rapidly on agar plates, but produces less dry weight in a liquid medium than other strains tested. The Indonesian isolate can digest casein, and it capacity for lipase production was greater than that of other strains examined.