TFII-I Regulates Vβ Promoter Activity through an Initiator Element

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Abstract
In our effort to understand the transcriptional regulation of naturally occurring TATA-less but initiator (Inr)-containing genes, we have employed the murine T-cell receptor Vβ 5.2 promoter as a model. Here we show by transient-transfection assays that the Inr binding transcription factor TFII-I is required for efficient expression of the Vβ promoter in vivo. Mutations in the Inr element that reduced binding of TFII-I also abolished the Vβ promoter activity by ectopic TFII-I. We further biochemically identified a protease-resistant N-terminal DNA binding fragment of TFII-I, p70. When ectopically expressed, recombinant p70 bound to the Vβ Inr element with a specificity similar to that of wild-type TFII-I. More importantly, p70, which lacks independent activation functions, behaved as a dominant negative mutant that inhibited Inr-specific function of wild-type TFII-I. However, the activation functions of p70 were restored when fused to the heterologous activation domain of the yeast activator protein GAL4. Taken together, these data suggest that TFII-I functions in vivo require an intact Inr element and that the Inr-specific transcriptional functions of TFII-I are solely dictated by its N-terminal DNA binding domain and do not require its own C-terminal activation domain.