Effects of apomorphine on urinary bladder motility in anesthetized rats.

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Abstract
We studied the effects of apomorphine (AM) on bladder motility in anesthetized rats in which Tyrode''s solution was continuously infused into the bladder at a constant rate, inducing an almost constant rate of bladder contraction accompanying micturition. AM at a dose of 1 mg/kg, i.v., caused a hyperactive bladder response, during which mictrition disappeared. AM (12.5 .mu.g for intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection or 50 .mu.g for intrathecal (i.t.) injection also caused a hyperactive response in about half of the rats. Supersensitization to AM appeared in reserpine-treated rats (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., 48 and 24 hr before the experiment). Haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) or SCH 23390 (5 mg/kg, i.v.) completely suppressed the hyperactive bladder response induced by AM (5 mg/kg, i.v.), and then the bladder contraction accompanying micturition reappeared after administration of these drugs. Pretreatment with sulpiride (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 60 min, which hardly affected the bladder contraction induced by infusion of Tyrode''s solution, suppressed the hyperactive bladder response induced by AM. These results suggest that the hyperactive bladder response induced by i.v.-injected AM results from synchronous stimulation of the micturition reflex center sin the brain stem and sacral cord and that the hyperactive bladder response is elicited via both D1 and D2 receptors.