Computed tomography of the brain in patients with acute psychosis and in healthy volunteers

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Abstract
Evidence has been obtained by computed tomography (CT) that some chronic schizophrenic patients have enlarged cerebral ventricles and other brain abnormalities when compared to other patient groups and to healthy controls (Johnstone et al. (1976), Weinberger et al. (1979)). In order to investigate whether structural brain abnormalities can be demonstrated also in younger patients with acute psychosis we have undertaken a CT study in 46 patients and 46 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight of the patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for schizophrenia. Nineteen had not been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons before. The lateral and third ventricles were significantly wider in the patients than in the volunteers. In the volunteers there was a significant positive correlation between age and size of the lateral ventricles, whereas in the patients, particularly those fulfilling the criteria for schizophrenia, no such correlation was obtained. These results indicate that schizophrenia may be associated with pathophysiological processes which interfere with the normal age-related enlargement of the ventricles. Signs of cortical atrophy, CSF circulation disturbances and reversed asymmetry of the occipital lobes were more frequent in the patient group than among the controls. These results are in accordance with previously published findings and indicate that structural brain abnormalities can be found in relatively young patients with acute psychosis.