Viscoelastic Hysteresis. Part II. Numerical and Experimental Examples

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Abstract
Several types of viscoelastic shear stress hysteresis loops were obtained for three forms of time-dependent shear rate inputs and four different polymer solutions. A correlation plot based on two dimensionless groups from the Bird-Carreau nonliner viscoelastic model demonstrates the experimental conditions required to obtain the various types of loops. The data were used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the Bird-Carreau model and a “slowly varying flow” approximation to the same model. The “slow flow” model predicted the hysteresis response for experiments where the time of the experiment was larger than a characteristic time of the fluid. The model was qualitatively correct for a much wider range of experimental conditions. Five types of primary normal stress difference hysteresis loops are reported along with a demonstration of a method to calculate the “zero shear rate” limiting value of the primary normal stress material function θ0.

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